The factors supporting the sustenance of the universe—physical, cosmic, ecological, and philosophical—are profoundly reflected in the Qur'an, which emphasizes harmony and divine order in creation. Here are some examples:
Physical and Cosmic Factors
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Fine-tuning of the Universe:
- “He has created everything in exact proportion.” (Qur'an 25:2)
- This verse reflects the precise constants and balances in physics, such as gravity, which sustain the universe.
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Earth’s Stability:
- “And We placed within the Earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with them.” (Qur'an 21:31)
- This verse aligns with Earth's tectonic stability, crucial for life.
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Cosmic Order:
- “It is not allowable for the Sun to reach the Moon, nor does the night overtake the day, but each in an orbit is swimming.” (Qur'an 36:40)
- Reflects the precision of celestial mechanics and orbital systems.
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Cosmic Expansion:
- “And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are [its] expander.” (Qur'an 51:47)
- Points to the universe’s ongoing expansion, a critical feature for its stability.
Ecological Factors
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Water Cycle:
- “And We have sent down blessed rain from the sky and made grow thereby gardens and grain from the harvest.” (Qur'an 50:9)
- Highlights the water cycle’s role in sustaining life.
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Biodiversity:
- “And of everything We created pairs, that you may remember.” (Qur'an 51:49)
- Reflects ecological interdependence and balance.
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Vegetation and Oxygen Production:
- “And We sent down rain from the sky and made grow thereby gardens of palm trees and grapevines and caused springs to gush forth.” (Qur'an 36:34)
Philosophical and Theistic Factors
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Divine Sustenance:
- “Indeed, Allah is the Provider, the firm possessor of strength.” (Qur'an 51:58)
- Emphasizes God’s role as the ultimate sustainer.
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Balance (Mizan):
- “And He has set up the balance, that you may not transgress.” (Qur'an 55:7-8)
- Reflects the delicate balance in nature and morality.
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Testing Ground for Humanity:
- “[He] who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed.” (Qur'an 67:2)
- Indicates the universe as a temporary place for moral and spiritual growth.
Each of these factors aligns with observable phenomena, highlighting the Qur'an’s emphasis on a balanced, interconnected universe, sustained by divine wisdom and order.
